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Meenal Meshram posted an Question
January 29, 2022 • 19:57 pm
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30 points
30 points
- IIT JAM
- Biotechnology (BT)
In eukaryotes, the chlororplast and mitochondria come from the egg cell.
In eukaryotes, the chlororplast and mitochondria come from the egg cell. How this can be used to trace evolutionary origin of the organism.
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Priya sarda Best Answer
The origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts Mitochondria and chloroplasts likely evolved from engulfed prokaryotes that once lived as independent organisms. At some point, a eukaryotic cell engulfed an aerobic prokaryote, which then formed an endosymbiotic relationship with the host eukaryote, gradually developing into a mitochondrion. Eukaryotic cells containing mitochondria then engulfed photosynthetic prokaryotes, which evolved to become specialized chloroplast organelles. Evidence for the endosymbiont origin of mitochondria and choroplasts includes the following: - Chloroplasts and mitochondria are prokaryotic. They have their own genes on a small, circular chromosome but no nucleus. This chromosome has little non-coding DNA, similar to those of bacteria. Explanation: Bacteria, a prokaryote, has circular DNA, as do mitochondria and chloroplasts. This provides support for the Endosymbiotic Theory, which states that the mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells were once aerobic bacteria (prokaryote) that were ingested by a large anaerobic bacteria (prokaryote).