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Option (3) is correct. Equilibrium in the market is said to be stable when - 1. D is downward sloping and S is upward sloping, or 2. Both D and S are downward sloping, but supply curve is less elastic than demand curve (supply curve is flatter than demand curve). So keeping the model given above as static (ignoring the t or time element in price), we can calculate the slopes of both D and S. slope of D = a slope of S = A a > A or |1/a| < |1/A| (Taking absolute value and reciprocalling)