(a) system approach it is developed by karl ludwig von bertalanfiy, austrian biologist (1901-1972), w. ro ashby english psychiatrist (1903-1972), kenneth bouldi

Sanju

Systems approach is an approach based on the concept that everything is inter-related and interdependent. A system is composed of related and dependent element which when combined forms unifed single unit. It is the combination of things or parts forming a complex structure where various parts are connected to on other. Here they are referring Organisation means system, everything in the organisation in interrelated like different departments, different activities performed there such as to produce output, production dept. is depending on Purchase department and so on...Employees, Managers, superiors, supervisors, machines, tools, raw material, etc. Everything available in an organisation is the part of system(organisation). And all these units: man,machine,money available there is working for a common organizational goal i.e, profit maximization.And the parts of the system if cope with environment will survive, it implies the managers, the activities and the people working in organization if working according to the business' goal and working according to environment conditions, then only the organization will survive for the long run.Features: 1.It has a boundary. An organization has to work in boundaries they can't go beyond that. 2. We can add it into another system, merge the organization with another, such as merger accquisition. 3.It has some boundation, have to achieve goals in the prescribed time otherwise difficult to survive 4. In an organization, we transform raw material into ouput, production factors into factors income. 5. It is dynamic as it is working in natural surroundings and conpetitive world, so it can be rigid. 6 it can achieve higher positions but can take it position for granted, have to face business cycles. 7.Sometimes people in the system work with diversified conditions and obtain similar outcome irrespective of their orgaization(equifinality) and people are working according to the organization conditions only (multifinality)