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Agarose gel electrophoresis is used to resolve DNA fragments on the basis of their molecular weight. Smaller fragments migrate faster than larger ones; the distance migrated on the gel varies inversely with the logarithm of the molecular weight. DNA dilution buffer: Phosphate buffered saline (1.5 mM NaH2PO4, 8.0 mM K2HPO4, ... Prehybridization buffer: 6 X SSC, 50% formamide, 0.1% Ficoll, 0.1% polyvinylpyrroli... Hybridization solution: 50–200 ng/ml of labeled DNA probe in prehybridization buffer Substrate solution: 10 × dilution of substrate stock solution in substrate buffer Gel electrophoresis and DNA Electrophoresis enables you to distinguish DNA fragments of different lengths. DNA is negatively charged, therefore, when an electric current is applied to the gel, DNA will migrate towards the positively charged electrode