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Eduncle Best Answer
Avoidance learning is the behavioral product of an instrumental (operant) training procedure in which a predictable aversive event, typically electric shock, does not occur contingent upon the occurrence or nonoccurrence of a specified response by the learning organism. Avoidance training occurs in two forms: active and passive. In the active form, the avoidance contingency depends on the occurrence of a specified response on the part of the organism; in the passive form, the avoidance contingency depends on the nonoccurrence (i.e., the suppression) of some specified response.