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Eduncle posted an MCQ
October 18, 2019 • 16:28 pm 0 points
  • UGC NET
  • Economics

Match List-I with List-II

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    Eduncle Best Answer

    Thomas Doubleday proposed the Diet Theory. According to him, the rate of population increase will be less when the quantity of food supply is greater. It means that the increase in population and food supply are inversely related. Doubleday mentions two states of food supply, i.e., (i) The Plethoric state having good food supply where the fertility is low, and (ii) the Deplethoric state in which due to food shortage we find diminution of proper nourishment where the fertility is high.
    Michael Thomas Sadler's Destiny Theory : Michael Thomas Sadler, an Economist and a British social reformer, was born in 1780. He was a contemporary of Malthus. He expressed his ideas about population in his book The Law of Population. According to Sadler, the law which regulates the growth of animals and plants is primarily the same as the law which regulates the growth of human population.
    He was of the opinion that "The fecundity of human beings is in the inverse ratio of the condensation of their numbers."
    Moreover, the fertility rate decreases with the increase in the density of population. In the agriculture based or pastoral countries where the density of population is low, the fertility rate of the population becomes high. In such countries, people have the capacity to work hard and hardworking people give birth to more children. With the passing of time, when there is industrialisation and the population becomes more civilized and literate, the density of population increases. Here people would limit the size of family and in such socio-economic conditions they will be happier and there will be prosperity. Sadler was a great critic of Malthus. He did not accept Malthus's view that population increases in geometrical progression and food supply increases in arithmetical progression. According to Sadler, such increase of population and food supply in mathematical terms just cannot happen, because when population increases density too will increase.
    And when density increases, the capacity to produce children goes down and thus with the increase in density, the fertility rate declines. He believed that population adjusts itself with the times.
    He was a contemporary of Malthus : Leibenstein's theory of population growth forms part of his Critical Minimum Effort Thesis on economic development. This means that as per capita income rises with economic development, the fertility rate declines.
    Herbert Spencer, an English sociologist, took Darwin's theory and applied it to how societies change and evolve over time. Spencer took the theory of evolution one step beyond biology and applied it to say that societies were organisms that progress through changes similar to that of a living species. His theory is known as the Biological Theory.
    Hence the correct matching has been done.

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