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Eduncle Best Answer
F W Riggs made a great effort in searching for an objective and effective model for analyzing public administration in developing countries with ecological and comparative perspectives. With his background in sociological theory, he developed the 'Fused-Prismatic-Diffracted models' for understanding the administrative structures and organizational behavior. The main thrust of his model is that 'Western Models are relatively less relevant to the developing countries, which have unique environment/contexts- social structures, economic life, cultural practices, political symbols, allocation of power, division of labour, etc. Unlike the developed nations, the administrative systems in these countries are considerably shaped by the ecology/context.
Fused Model : Based on the experience of imperial China and pre-revolutionary Siamese Thailand, Riggs proposed the concept and characteristics of fused societies. In these societies, a single structure carries out a number of functions. These societies heavily depend on agriculture with no industrialization and modernization. The economic system is based on law of exchange and barter system. The King and royal family members and officials nominated by the king carry out all administrative, economic and other activities by themselves. The administrative systems in a fused societies, is based on the structure of family and strives to protect the special interests of the family and certain sects rather than aiming at universal happiness and development. These societies do not differentiate between justice and injustice; formal and informal setups and governmental and non-governmental activities. Ascriptive values play a dominant role in the society and the behaviour of people would be highly traditional. Age old customs, beliefs, faith and traditional ways of living enable people to live together and control their behavior.