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When 8-cell embryo of tunicates is separated into 4 blastomere pairs and allowed to grow independently in culture medium, then each blastomere pair can form
When 8-cell embryo of tunicates is separated into 4 blastomere pairs and allowed to grow independently in culture medium, then each blastomere pair can form most of the cell types; however, cells for nervous system are not developed. The following statements are formed from the above observations : (A) Nervous system development demonstrated autonomous specification. (B) The other tissue types are formed due to conditional specification. (C) All the tissue types, except nervous tissues that developed, demonstrated autonomous specification. (D) Nervous system development demonstrated conditional specification. The correct combination of statement that explains the above result is
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Early tunicate cells are specified autonomously, each cell acquiring a specific type of cytoplasm that will determine its fate. When the 8-cell embryo is separated into its four doublets (the right and left sides being equivalent), mosaic determination is the rule. The animal posterior pair of blastomeres gives rise to the ectoderm, and the vegetal posterior pair produces endoderm, mesenchyme, and muscle tissue, just as expected from the fate map. Conditional specification, however, also plays an important role in tunicate development. One example of this process involves the development of neural cells. The nerve-producing cells are generated from both the animal and vegetal anterior cells, yet neither the anterior or posterior cell of each half can produce them alone.