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Eduncle posted an MCQ
October 20, 2019 • 16:42 pm 0 points
  • UGC NET
  • Human Resource Management

According to Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation, which of the following refers to the term 'valence' ?

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    Eduncle Best Answer

    Vroom's expectancy theory assumes that behavior results from conscious choices among alternatives whose purpose it is to maximize pleasure and to minimize pain. Vroom realized that an employee's performance is based on individual factors such as personality, skills, knowledge, experience and abilities. He stated that effort, performance and motivation are linked in a person's motivation. He uses the variables Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence to account for this.
    Expectancy is the belief that increased effort will lead to increased performance i.e. if I work harder then this will be better. This is affected by such things as:
    Having the right resources available (e.g. raw materials, time)
    Having the right skills to do the job
    Having the necessary support to get the job done (e.g. supervisor support, or correct information on the job)
    Instrumentality is the belief that if you perform well that a valued outcome will be received. The degree to which a first level outcome will lead to the second level outcome. i.e. if I do a good job, there is something in it for me. This is affected by such things as:
    Clear understanding of the relationship between performance and outcomes - e.g. the rules of the reward 'game'
    Trust in the people who will take the decisions on who gets what outcome
    Transparency of the process that decides who gets what outcome
    Valence is the importance that the individual places upon the expected outcome. For the valence to be positive, the person must prefer attaining the outcome to not attaining it. For example, if someone is mainly motivated by money, he or she might not value offers of additional time off.
    The three elements are important behind choosing one element over another because they are clearly defined : effort-performance expectancy (E > P expectancy) and performance-outcome expectancy (P > O expectancy).
    E > P expectancy: our assessment of the probability that our efforts will lead to the required performance level.
    P > O expectancy : our assessment of the probability that our successful performance will lead to certain outcomes.

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