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Nilanjan Bhowmick AIR 3, CSIR NET (Earth Science)
Saurabh 1
Well manganese nodules are the deposits that have really very slow forming process and they are mostly confined or most probably found in abyssal zones (deep sea level). They are commonly referred to as the hydrogenous sediments (formed due to ocean water precipitation or ion exchange between ocean water and sediments). The nodule formation sometimes involves Biogenic processes which are required for precipitation of metal hydroxides (done by various microorganisms thriving at such extreme conditions) . Always remember that nodule formation requires low rate of sedimentation , which enables the concretions to grow before they gets buried . Plankton are sometimes come into play and they concentrates trace elements such as copper and nickel. Mn in sea water comes mainly from the hydrothermal vents , leached out usually.