What is the name of the newly formed bond ?

This bond is known as Phosphoester Bond. It's not exactly the Phosphodiester bond formed between 2 nucleotides. This is the example of Ester bond with Phosphate group. Due to the l...

Hydrogen bond. These is asking for phosphorylation of Alanine amino acid. Here covalently attached H atom with C fornes Hydrogen bond with O of P.

It is Phosphorylation of Serine only. Because Ser, Thr, Try has only ε-OH group. Whereas Ala doesn't have ε-OH group so it can't show Phosphorylation.

Sir, can Hydrogen bond occur without Hydrogen? I'm not getting any H atom associated with Oxygen atom

No hydrogen is necessary for thats why it is named H2 bond. H is shared by C and O. H2O is best example where H attached with O.

The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, tyrosine in eukaryotes, and also histidine in prokaryotes and plants (though it is now known to be common in hum...